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Zhu fan zhi
''Zhu fan zhi'' (), variously translated as '' A Description of Barbarian Nations'', ''Records of Foreign People'', or other similar titles, is a Song Dynasty work by Zhao Rugua. The work is a collection of descriptions of countries and various products from outside China, and is a source of information on the people, customs and traded commodities of many countries around the world during the Song Dynasty.
==Background==
The author Zhao Rugua (1170-1231) was a member of the Song Dynasty imperial clan. He was posted to Fujian as a supervisor of the maritime trade in Quanzhou.〔 While working in Fujian, he had the opportunity to meet merchants from various countries from whom he gathered information on various countries around the world. He also took note of the various products traded, studied the maps of the period, and together with the information he had learnt he wrote the book which he finished around 1225 CE. Zhao wrote: "Assigned to this post recently, I spend all day reading various maps... I listed names of these countries and their customs... I removed hearsay and kept facts. I thus name this book ''Zhu fan zhi''."〔
Many entries of ''Zhu fan zhi'' take information from other an older works, such as Zhu Yu's ''Pingzhou Ketan'' (萍洲可談) from 1116, Duan Chengshi's 9th century ''Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang'', and other works. In particular it borrowed heavily from the 1178 work ''Lingwai Daida'' () by another geographer, Zhou Qufei (). However, a significant part of the book came from information he gathered from foreign and Chinese traders.〔 As he himself had not travelled overseas, the information collected are necessarily secondhand, unlike other works such as ''Daoyi Zhilüe'' written by Wang Dayuan of the Yuan Dynasty who had travelled overseas to observe other countries at firsthand. Nevertheless, the book contains valuable information on various countries and traded products of the 13th century to modern scholars.
The original book was lost, extracts however were found in other compilations and annals, and its content was incorporated into the 15th century ''Yongle Encyclopedia''. It was then extracted from the ''Yongle Encyclopedia'' by Li Diaoyuan (李調元) and recompiled for inclusion in his collection known as ''Han Hai'' (函海) in 1781.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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